Leptospirosis indiana state board of animal healthtech bulletin cp35. Approximately 10% of patients with leptospirosis develop severe disease, the weil syndrome, with. Topics include aspects of human and animal leptospirosis as well as detailed analyses of our current knowledge of leptospiral structure and physiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, genomics, immunity and vaccines. Lethargy and hematuria were the principal clinical signs in some outbreaks. Humans become infected through direct contact with the urine of infected animals or with a urinecontaminated environment. We use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. It is expected to be used in the management of leptospirosis in sri lanka. Leptospirosis pathophysiology on the web most recent articles. Encephalitis practice essential, pathophysiology, diagnosis. Leptospires infect most mammals, particularly rodents and. Leptospirosis leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria belonging to the genus leptospira. Hosts are not typically ill and can shed bacteria their whole life. Outbreaks can occur following excessive rainfall or flooding.
Leptospirosis, acute systemic illness of animals, occasionally communicable to humans, that is characterized by extensive inflammation of the blood vessels. Factors responsible for the progression towards severe forms have not been clearly established. Alveolar hemorrhage presented as dyspnea and hemoptysis is the main pulmonary manifestation in leptospirosis. Regions with the estimated highest morbidity include south and southeast asia, oceania, the caribbean, parts of subsaharan africa, and parts of latin america. This is caused by the bacteria infecting major organs, such as the liver and kidneys. Case study of leptospirosis free download as word doc. However, pathogen as well as hostrelated factors are both believed to play a role in the development of severe leptospirosis. For severe leptospirosis, intravenous penicillin g has long been the drug of choice, although the thirdgeneration cephalosporins cefotaxime and ceftriaxone have become widely used. Duration of immunity in dogs vaccinated against leptospirosis with a bivalent inactivated. This study aimed to determine risk and prognostic factors independently. Alternative regimens are ampicillin, amoxicillin, or erythromycin.
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals. Leptospirosis medical specialties clinical medicine scribd. Pathology and pathophysiology of pulmonary manifestations. As with other spirochetal diseases, antibiotic treatment of patients with leptospirosis may cause a jarischherxheimer reaction. It is seasonal with a peak incidence during the rainy months of july to october. Myocarditis in leptospirosis was reported initially by arean in 1957 in 61. These guidelines were developed based on the best available evidence at the time of writing. In a minority of infected persons, leptospirosis develops into the dreaded weills disease. From an epidemiologic and pathophysiologic perspective, encephalitis is distinct.
Nursing care planncp leptospirosis nursing case study. Infected patients with acute renal failure may demonstrate elevated serum amylase levels, however, clinical symptoms of pancreatitis are uncommon. Leptospirosis hospitalizations in the united states cdc study nationwide inpatient sample nis database hospital discharge records from 19982008 380 leptospirosis associated hospitalizations identified through icd9 codes. The bacteria enter the body through cuts or abrasions on the skin, or through the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose and eyes. Proceedings of the 33rd world small animal veterinary. Pathophysiologyleptospirosis free download as pdf file. Leptospirosis is a significant problem among farmed deer in new zealand, particularly animals less than a year of age. It is considered the most common zoonosis in the world and is associated with rodents in settings of poor sanitation, agricultural occupations, and increasingly adventure sports or races involving fresh water, mud, or soil exposure.
Physiology of leptospirosis free download as word doc. It results in a wide range of symptoms, and some people may have no symptoms at all. Other signs included jaundice, photosensitization, corneal opacity, anemia and poor weight gain. Leptospirosis nord national organization for rare disorders. Pauline teo siew chin th may, 2009 outline introduction leptospira interrogans transmission clinical features diagnosis management prevention conclusion. Mild leptospirosis is treated with doxycycline, ampicillin, or amoxicillin. The clinical aspects and progression of disease in humans and domestic animals are well understood elllis, 2014, haake and levett, 2014. The bacteria enter a host via portals such as damaged skin, certain mucous membranes, the lungs and conjunctival membranes.
Pathophysiology leptospirosis can be transmitted to humans. In carriers these bacteria harbor in the renal tubules and can persist in soil or surface water and then transmits to human hosts via mucous membranes. Leptospirosis reporting and investigation guideline. Leptospirosis is known to be endemic in india since the early 20th century with most outbreaks reported from the coastal regions of the indian peninsula and the andaman islands. Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that affects humans and animals. Leptospirosis occurs worldwide, but is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions.
Pathophysiologyleptospirosis cardiovascular system. Pathophysiology bacteria are maintained in the renal tubules of reservoir hosts and excreted in the urine. Leptospirosis an overview tk dutta, m christopher abstract one of the important causes of acute febrile illness in a country where malaria, typhoid and dengue are also not uncommon, leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease spread by rodents, is endemic in tamil nadu, kerala and. Risk factors and predictors of severe leptospirosis in new. Leptospirosis is an endemic zoonosis in the philippines with an average of 680 leptospirosis cases and 40 deaths from the disease reported every year and a prevalence of 10100,000. Signs and symptoms region and conjunctival suffusion are specific findings but less common. The estimated worldwide annual incidence is 1 million cases, including approximately 59,000 deaths.
Clinical studies in the 60s and 70s and seroepidemiological surveys have documented the. A 23yearold man with leptospirosis and acute abdominal pain. Powerpoint templates page 2 introduction also known as field fever, eye cathers yellows, 7 day fever, canefield fever disease was first described by adolf weil in 1886 leptospira was first observed in 1907 from a post mortem renal tissue slice world war i where the sodden conditions of. Anna papa, department of microbiology, medical school, aristotle university of thessaloniki 54124, thessaloniki, greece. Leptospirosis is an acute septicemic illness that affects humans in all parts of the world. Leptospirosis is an infectious disease of humans and animals that is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus leptospira see the image below.
Etiology virtually all wild and domestic mammals can harbour the bacteria that cause leptospirosis in their kidneys and genital tracts and act as source of infection to humans and other animals. Proceedings of the 33rd world small animal veterinary congress. Our data 48 found myocarditis in 50% of the hearts, a figure close to the one previously reported. Most people who develop a leptospirosis infection only get mild symptoms, but a bit more serious influenzalike symptoms are also quite common. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by certain members of the genus leptospira. Leptospires shed in the urine of animals to the environment from where humans are infected by incidental hosts. Pathology and pathophysiology of pulmonary manifestations in. Current research is thus directed at identification of leptospiral virulence factors.
It is caused by infection with any of the more than 230 serovars sv of pathogenic leptospira spp. It is caused by a spirochete, or spiralshaped bacterium, of the genus leptospira. Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis worldwide. Occ anorexia headache lethargy nausea vomiting abdominal pain hemorrhagebleeding rash tourniquet test no. Leptospirosis has been associated with reproductive losses in south american camelids. Leptospirosis caused by pathogenic species of leptospira is arguably the most widespread zoonosis both in terms of geographical region and animal species that are susceptible to acute disease or can serve as renal carriers. Introduction to leptospirosis leptospirosis information.
In humans, leptospirosis has a biphasic clinical presentation, which begins with the septicemic phase followed by immune manifestations 3. A free sample nursing care plan ncp for leptospirosis. Leptospirosis case report form centers for disease. Z oonotic diseases can be passed between animals and humans. Jun, 2018 leptospirosis is an infectious disease of humans and animals that is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus leptospira see the image below. People can get leptospirosis when they have contact with. Leptospirosis is an occupationnal risk for rice growing, fishing, harvesting, but even during animal breeding and slaughter. Leptospirosis is a leisure risk for water activities as swimming, fihing, hunting, boating leptospirosis is too a home risk by rodents and in a lesser extend by dog. Mar 29, 2008 pathophysiology of leptospirosis leptospirosis has symptoms that may mimic betterknown diseases including influenza, dengue fever, meningitis, hepatitis, and other viral hemorrhagic diseases. Leptospirosis is a neglected tropical zoonosis caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus leptospira. Send completed form by fax to 404 9291590, encrypted email to. The understanding of leptospiral pathogenesis lags far behind that of many other bacterial pathogens.
Leptospirosis is a septicemic disease and manifestations such as leptomeningitis and myocarditis are expected during the disease. Leptospirosis case report form form approved omb 09200728 exp. Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis worldwide and is caused by serovars of pathogenic leptospira species. Protect yourself from leptospirosis after the storm leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that can increase after hurricanes or floods when people may have to wade through contaminated water or use it for drinking or bathing. Nursing care plan on leptospirosis free download as word doc. Jun, 2018 mild leptospirosis is treated with doxycycline, ampicillin, or amoxicillin. Leptospirosis chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers. Nursing care plan on leptospirosis pain nursing scribd. It is caused by a spiralshaped bacterium spirochete. Leptospirosis hospitalizations in the united states cdc study nationwide inpatient sample nis database hospital discharge records from 19982008 380 leptospirosisassociated hospitalizations identified through icd9 codes. It is a zoonosis associated with chronically infected carrier animals 2. Direct transmission via urine, venereal routes, placental transfer, bites, ingestion of infected tissue. Deer leptospirosis is a significant problem among farmed deer in new zealand, particularly animals less than a year of age.
Microscopic agglutination test mat is laborious mat, described by martin and pettit is the most widely used reference method for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis. The transmission cycle of leptospirosis involves the maintenance hosts, the carrier hosts, the environment and human beings. Leptospirosis free download as powerpoint presentation. This volume covers all aspects of infection by pathogenic leptospira species, the causative agents of the worlds most widespread zoonosis. Severe leptospirosis is where a person goes on to develop severe, sometimes lifethreatening symptoms, including organ failure and internal bleeding.
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